Bihar is a state of the Indian union situated in central eastern india. Bihar is the 12th largest state in terms of geographical size at 38,202 sq mi (99,200 km²) and 3rd largest by population. On its other three sides Bihar is surrounded by the Indian states of Uttar Pradesh to the west, Jharkhand to the south and West Bengal to the east. Culturally, it is a part of the Bhojpuri heartland of India. It spans an area of about 94,164 km² and its population is over 82998,509. The Bihar plain is divided into two parts by the river Ganga which flows through the middle from west to east. Hindi and Urdu are the official languages of the state, whilst the majority of the people speak one of the Bihari languages — Angika, Bhojpuri, Magadhi or Maithili.
Its capital is Patna and one of the oldest continuously inhabited places in the world. Its capital Patna, earlier known as Pataliputra, was an important center of Indian civilization. Nalanda was a centre of learning established by the 5th century CE in Bihar. Being the capital of Bihar, Patna is known for its magnificent past and the historical buildings. Patna is serving by three rivers Ganges, Son and Gandak. Capital city is located on the banks of river Ganges. Patna is the gateway to the Buddhist and Jain pilgrim centers of Vaishali, Rajgir, Nalanda, Bodhgaya and Pawapuri, all located in the state of Bihar.
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